The Ayurvedic literature features several treatises, with the most prominent ones being Caraka Samhita, Suśruta Samhita, and Astanga Hṛdaya/Aṣṭanga Sangraha, collectively known as the Bṛhattrayī (greater trio). Additionally, Madhavanidāna, Śārngadhara Samhitā, and Bhāvaprakāśa are referred to as the Laghutrayi (lesser trio). Caraka Samhita and Suśruta Samhita are considered Ākara granthas, meaning they are self-authenticating, while Astanga Hrdaya is a Prakarana grantha, compiled from references of other texts. Maharși Caraka emphasized general medicine (Kāyacikitsa), whereas Maharși Suśruta focused on surgical aspects in his Suśruta Samhita. Acharya Vägbhața, in his Astanga Hrdaya, gave equal importance to all eight branches of Ayurveda. Popular commentaries on Astanga Hrdaya include Arunadutta's "Sarvangasundari" and Hemādri's "Ayurveda Rasayana".

The eight branches of Ayurveda, also known as the "Ashtanga Ayurveda," encompass a holistic approach to health and wellness, covering various aspects of medicine and healing:

1. Kāyacikitsa (General Medicine): Focuses on the treatment of a wide range of internal diseases through diet, lifestyle changes, and herbal remedies.
2. Śalyatantra (Surgery): Deals with surgical techniques and procedures, including the treatment of wounds, fractures, and removal of foreign bodies.
3. Śālākyatantra (ENT and Ophthalmology): Concerned with the treatment of diseases related to the eyes, ears, nose, throat, and head.
4. Koumārabhritya (Pediatrics): Focuses on the care and treatment of infants, children, and adolescents, including prenatal and postnatal care.
5. Bhūtavidyā (Psychiatry and Demonology): Addresses mental health issues, psychological disorders, and diseases believed to be caused by supernatural entities.
6. Agadatantra (Toxicology): Deals with the treatment of poisoning and toxic substances, including snake bites, insect stings, and exposure to environmental toxins.
7. Rasāyanatantra (Rejuvenation and Anti-aging): Focuses on enhancing longevity, improving overall health, and promoting vitality through rejuvenation therapies and herbal formulations.
8. Vājīkaraṇatantra (Aphrodisiac Therapy): Concerned with improving reproductive health, enhancing sexual vitality, and treating issues related to fertility and sexual function.

These eight branches form the foundation of Ayurvedic practice, covering a comprehensive spectrum of medical knowledge and holistic healing.